This is the version of the explanation I wish somebody had given me, written down before I forget what confused me. It is about the baseline and follow-up panel, and it is deliberately narrow — everything I am not confident about is marked as such.
What is actually established
A defensible baseline is short: HbA1c and fasting glucose, a lipid panel with ApoB if you can get it, ALT and AST, creatinine with eGFR, TSH, ferritin and B12, and a full blood count. That set catches the things that change, the things that explain symptoms, and the things that alter the prescribing decision. Almost everything else on the long circulating lists is either invariant, uninterpretable without a specific question, or an incidental finding waiting to cause an unnecessary workup.
The condition it depends on
Reference ranges are laboratory-specific. Comparing your number to somebody else's range, or to a screenshot from another country, is how people convince themselves something is wrong.
The practical version
Post reference ranges alongside numbers when you share them. Units differ by country — glucose and lipids especially — and half the confusion in these threads is unit mismatch rather than disagreement.
What I am not sure about
What would genuinely help is knowing what actually belongs on a baseline panel, as opposed to the enormous list that gets pasted around here. Practical detail welcome, however dull — the duller the better.
— carl_compliance · corrections welcome and will be edited into this post with credit